Caracterización del sistema de producción avícola de traspatio en el Estado de Campeche, México.

A study was conducted to characterize the backyard chicken production system in Campeche State, Mexico, as the basis of a program for utilizing local poultry genetic resources. A total of 260 surveys were administered in person. The parents undertake backyard production activities. Farmers have, on average, 0.20 ± 0.1 hectares for raising local chickens (LC). Flock size was 24.4 ± 1.3 birds per household. The number of egg/hen/year was 45.8 ± 1.6. Confined and semi-confined production systems are used. Farmers fed chickens with corn, whereas chicks were fed with commercial feed. During the rainy season, flu and diarrheal diseases are more frequently observed. Body size is the main trait for acquiring/selecting breeders within/outside the flock. Selection of eggs for incubation is based on size and freshness. Feed shortages, diseases, predators, and lack of technical assistance services were the major constraints for LC backyard production. In conclusion, backyard chicken production based on LC provides a readily available source of animal protein and cash income for households in Campeche State, Mexico.Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de caracterizar la producción avícola de traspatio en el estado de Campeche, México, como el inicio de un programa para la utilización de los recursos genéticos avícolas locales. Se encuestó a un total de 260 productores. Las actividades productivas de traspatio las realizan los padres. Los productores destinan un promedio de 0.20 ± 0.1 hectáreas para la cría de pollos locales (PL). El tamaño de la parvada fue de 24.4 ± 1.3 aves por hogar. El número de huevos/gallina/año fue de 45.8 ± 1.6. Se utiliza tanto el sistema de producción en confinamiento como en semi-confinamiento. Las aves son alimentadas con maíz, excepto los pollitos, que son alimentados con alimento balanceado comercial. Durante la época de lluvias se observan con mayor frecuencia problemas de diarrea y enfermedades respiratorias. El peso corporal es la principal característica por la que las aves reproductoras son seleccionadas dentro y fuera de la parvada. Los huevos destinados a incubación son elegidos con base en su tamaño y el número de días transcurridos desde que son puestos. La producción avícola de traspatio tiene como principales limitantes la falta de alimento para los animales, las enfermedades, los depredadores y la falta de asistencia técnica. En conclusión, la producción avícola de traspatio, basada en animales locales, provee de una fuente fácilmente disponible de proteína de origen animal e ingresos económicos a los hogares del estado de Campeche, México

COMPARACIÓN DE DOS MÉTODOS DE TRANSFERENCIA DE EMBRIONES EN EL GANADO CRIOLLO LECHERO TROPICAL/Comparison of two embryo transfer methods in the tropical milking criollo cattle

. En el ganado Criollo Lechero Tropical (CLT), se desconoce el mejor método para la criopreservación de sus embriones para transferencia. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar los métodos por curva lenta y vitricación en receptoras CLT puras y mestizas; se realizó en Veracruz (CP) y Guerrero (OG). Los tratamientos se asignaron de forma aleatoria: seis embriones para CLT y cuatro para mestizas por curva lenta, así como cinco en CLT y cinco en mestizas por vitricación para CP. En OG, se destinaron cuatro para curva lenta en CLT y cinco en mestizas; para vitricación, seis en CLT y cinco en mestizas. El análisis de datos se realizó con la prueba de Fisher. No se encontró efecto del método de criopreservación en el porcentaje de gestación (p>0.05) y se obtuvieron 10 y 20 % en CP (p≤0.50), 11 y 27 % en OG (p≤0.375) para curva lenta y vitricación, respectivamente

SORL1 polymorphisms in Mexican patients with Alzheimer\u27s disease

The present study evaluated the risk effect of 12 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the SORL1 gene in the Mexican population using Late-Onset Alzheimer\u27s Disease (LOAD) and control subjects. Considering APOE as the strongest genetic risk factor for LOAD, we conducted interaction analyses between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the APOE genotype. METHODS: Patients were interviewed during their scheduled visits at neurologic and geriatric clinics from different institutions. The LOAD diagnosis included neurological, geriatric, and psychiatric examinations, as well as the medical history and neuroimaging. Polymorphisms in RESULTS: The A/A genotype in rs1784933 might be associated with an increased LOAD risk. Two blocks with high degree linkage disequilibrium (LD) were identified. The first block composed by the genetic variants rs668387, rs689021 and rs641120 showed a positive interaction (mainly the rs689021) with rs1784933 polymorphism. Moreover, we found a significant association between the CONCLUSION: The rs1784933 polymorphism is associated with LOAD in Mexican patients. In addition, the presence o

EMIR, the GTC NIR multi-object imager-spectrograph

EMIR, currently entering into its fabrication and AIV phase, will be one of the first common user instruments for the GTC, the 10 meter telescope under construction by GRANTECAN at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (Canary Islands, Spain). EMIR is being built by a Consortium of Spanish and French institutes led by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC). EMIR is designed to realize one of the central goals of 10m class telescopes, allowing observers to obtain spectra for large numbers of faint sources in a time-efficient manner. EMIR is primarily designed to be operated as a MOS in the K band, but others a wide range of observing modes, including imaging and spectroscopy, both long slit and multi-object, in the wavelength range 0.9 to 2.5 um. It is equipped with two innovative subsystems: a robotic reconfigurable multi-slit mask and dispersive elements formed by the combination of high quality distraction grating and conventional prisms, both at the heart of the instrument. The present status of development, expected performances, schedule and plans for scientific exploitation are described and discussed. The development and fabrication of EMIR is funded by GRANTECAN and the Plan Nacional de Astronomía y Astrofísica (National Plan for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Spain).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Hard color-singlet exchange in dijet events in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Events where the two leading jets are separated by a pseudorapidity interval devoid of particle activity, known as jet-gap-jet events, are studied in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV. The signature is expected from hard color-singlet exchange. Each of the highest transverse momentum (p(T)) jets must have p(T)(jet) > 40 GeV and pseudorapidity 1.4 0.2 GeV in the interval vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1 between the jets are observed in excess of calculations that assume only color-exchange. The fraction of events produced via color-singlet exchange, f(CSE), is measured as a function of p(T)(jet2), the pseudorapidity difference between the two leading jets, and the azimuthal angular separation between the two leading jets. The fraction f(CSE) has values of 0.4-1.0%. The results are compared with previous measurements and with predictions from perturbative quantum chromodynamics. In addition, the first study of jet-gap-jet events detected in association with an intact proton using a subsample of events with an integrated luminosity of 0.40 pb(-1) is presented. The intact protons are detected with the Roman pot detectors of the TOTEM experiment. The f(CSE) in this sample is 2.91 +/- 0.70(stat)(-1.01)(+1.08)(syst) times larger than that for inclusive dijet production in dijets with similar kinematics.Peer reviewe

Métodos y técnicas de monitoreo y predicción temprana en los escenarios de riesgos socionaturales

Esta obra concentra los métodos y las técnicas fundamentales para el seguimiento y monitoreo de las dinámicas de los escenarios de riesgos socionaturales (geológicos e hidrometeorológicos) y tiene como objetivo general orientar, apoyar y acompañar a los directivos y operativos de protección civil en aterrizar las acciones y políticas públicas enfocadas a la gestión del riesgo local de desastre

Comparación de dos métodos de transferencia de embriones en el ganado criollo lechero tropical

It is unknown which is the best method for the cryopreservation of Tropical Milking Criollo cattle (TMC) embryos for transfer. The objective of this study was to compare slow curve and vitrification methods in pure and Criollo TMC; this was done in the states of Veracruz (CP) and Guerrero (OG). The treatments were randomly assigned: in CP, six embryos in TMC and four in half-caste by slow curve, as well as five in TMC and five in half-caste by vitrification. In OG, four were destined for slow curve in TMC and five in half-caste; for vitrification, six in TMC and five in half-caste. The data analysis was done using the Fisher's test. No effect was found in the cryopreservation method in the gestation percentage (p>0.05); 10 and 20 % were obtained in CP (p≤0.50), and 11 and 27% in OG (p≤0.375) for slow curve and vitrification, respectively.En el ganado Criollo Lechero Tropical (CLT), se desconoce el mejor método para la criopreservación de sus embriones para transferencia. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar los métodos por curva lenta y vitrificación en receptoras CLT puras y mestizas; se realizó en Veracruz (CP) y Guerrero (OG). Los tratamientos se asignaron de forma aleatoria: seis embriones para CLT y cuatro para mestizas por curva lenta, así como cinco en CLT y cinco en mestizas por vitrificación para CP. En OG, se destinaron cuatro para curva lenta en CLT y cinco en mestizas; para vitrificación, seis en CLT y cinco en mestizas. El análisis de datos se realizó con la prueba de Fisher. No se encontró efecto del método de criopreservación en el porcentaje de gestación (p>0.05) y se obtuvieron 10 y 20 % en CP (p≤0.50), 11 y 27 % en OG (p≤0.375) para curva lenta y vitrificación, respectivamente

Predictors of early mortality in very elderly patients with bacteremia: a prospective multicenter cohort

Objectives: The proportion of very elderly people in the population is increasing, and infectious diseases in this patient group may present with specific characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate the outcome predictors of bacteremia among the very elderly. Methods: This was a multicenter prospective cohort study of bloodstream infections (BSI) in patients ≥80 years old in 15 hospitals in Spain. The outcome variables were 14-day and 30-day mortality. Multivariate analysis was performed. Results: One hundred and twenty episodes were included. Mortality was 22% (n = 26) on day 14 and 28% (n = 34) on day 30. In the univariate analysis, the variables associated with mortality were neutropenia, recent surgery, Pitt score ≥2, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, severe sepsis or shock, and abdominal, unknown, and respiratory tract sources. In the multivariate analysis, variables associated with mortality on day 14 were high-risk source (abdominal, unknown, and respiratory tract sources; odds ratio (OR) 7.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8–33.9), Pitt score ≥2 (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.3–23.3), inadequate empirical treatment (OR 11.24, 95% CI 1.6–80.2), and severe sepsis or shock at presentation (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.4–20.7); the interaction between empiric treatment and high-risk source was significant. On day 30, mortality was independently related to a high-risk source (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.1–7.5) and presentation with severe sepsis or shock (OR 3.81, 95% CI 1.2–12.4). Conclusions: Presentation with severe sepsis or shock and a high-risk source of BSI were independent predictors of 14-day and 30-day mortality. Inadequate empirical treatment was also a predictor of early mortality in patients with a high-risk source

Time-of-day defines NAD+ efficacy to treat diet-induced metabolic disease by synchronizing the hepatic clock in mice

The timing of NAD + supply determines its efficacy to treat metabolic disease. Here, the authors show that increasing NAD + at the early active phase maximizes weight loss and glucose regulation in mice. NAD + can displace the phase of the liver clock which can cause circadian misalignment